We can act early to prevent the use and misuse of drugs that can lead to substance use disorders.  

Xylazine, also called “tranq” or “tranq dope,” is a nonopioid sedative and tranquilizer only authorized for veterinary use. Xylazine has been increasingly found in the illegal drug supply in the United States and is used as an adulterant (substance intentionally added to a drug) to prolong opioid highs and prevent withdrawal symptoms. Xylazine has been involved in growing numbers of overdose deaths, particularly in the northeast part of the United States. Although not a controlled substance, xylazine is not approved for use in humans and can be life threatening, especially when combined with opioids like fentanyl. 

When used in people, xylazine induces opioid-like effects and can cause prolonged sedation, disorientation, difficulty breathing, dangerously low blood pressure, slowed heart rate, and wounds that can become infected and hard to heal. 

People who use drugs may use xylazine intentionally for its extended effects and affordability, or unintentionally, when it is added to other drugs like opioids (most frequently fentanyl). It is difficult to detect as it has no distinctive taste, smell, color, or texture.

Harm reduction is a well-researched, evidence-based approach to reducing harms related to substance use, including overdose deaths, life-threatening infections related to unsterile drug injection, and chronic diseases such as HIV and hepatitis.