Understanding Asbestos and Its Impact
For many years, asbestos was widely used for its effective insulating and sound-dampening properties. Here are some common applications:
- Thermal Insulation: Found in many school, commercial, and industrial heating and piping systems.
- Electrical Insulation: Used for electrical wiring and resistance heating appliances.
- Sound Absorption: Particularly prevalent in school auditoriums, classrooms, and office buildings.
- Fireproofing: Most pre-1975 building codes required asbestos fireproofing for metal frame, multistory buildings.
- Decorative Material: Often used as a light-colored, fluffy ceiling surface.
- Tensile Strength Enhancement: Incorporated in floor tiles, roofing fabrics, and "transite" sheets and piping.
- Brake and Clutch Pads: Utilized in various mechanical applications.
Between 1900 and 1975, approximately thirty million tons of asbestos building materials were used in the U.S. Based on population, it is estimated that 300,000 to 600,000 tons were used in Oklahoma, with 80-90% of this asbestos likely still in place.
Health Risks Associated with Asbestos
Asbestos has been linked to several serious health conditions, including:
- Asbestosis: Scarring of the lungs leading to disability and eventual death.
- Lung Cancer
- Mesothelioma: A usually fatal cancer of the lining of the lungs and abdomen.
Federal agencies such as OSHA, NIOSH, the National Toxicology Program, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) now recognize asbestos as a known human carcinogen.
Efforts in Asbestos Removal
Starting in the early 1980s, significant efforts and expenses have been directed towards removing asbestos materials from buildings, especially schools and other public structures. This removal often involves building interior demolition, which can release large quantities of asbestos dust.
Regulation and Safety Measures
Asbestos is a lung hazard and poses risks only when inhaled. Therefore, its removal is tightly regulated by Oklahoma and most other states, as well as the federal government through OSHA and EPA regulations. In Oklahoma, the primary agency responsible for asbestos regulation is the Oklahoma Department of Labor.